Formant frequencies in Estonian folk singing.
Identifieur interne : 000310 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000309; suivant : 000311Formant frequencies in Estonian folk singing.
Auteurs : J. Ross [Pays-Bas]Source :
- The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America [ 0001-4966 ] ; 1992.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- MESH :
- Wicri :
- geographic : Estonie.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- geographic : Estonia.
- instrumentation : Sound Spectrography.
- Humans, Microcomputers, Music, Phonetics, Pitch Perception, Psychoacoustics, Speech Perception.
Abstract
Formant frequencies in an old Estonian folk song performed by two female voices were estimated for two back vowels /a/ and /u/, and for two front vowels /e/ and /i/. Comparison of these estimates with formant frequencies in spoken Estonian vowels indicates a trend of the vowels to be clustered into two sets of front and back ones in the F1/F2 plane. Similar clustering has previously been shown to occur in opera and choir singing, especially with increasing fundamental frequency. The clustering in the present song, however, may also be due to a tendency for a mid vowel to be realized as a higher-beginning diphthong, which is characteristic of the North-Estonian coastal dialect area where the singers come from. No evidence of a "singer's formant" was found.
DOI: 10.1121/1.402842
PubMed: 1619129
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Le document en format XML
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Ross</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Perception Research (IPO), Eindhoven, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Perception Research (IPO), Eindhoven</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Eindhoven</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="1992">1992</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:1619129</idno><idno type="pmid">1619129</idno><idno type="doi">10.1121/1.402842</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000312</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000312</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000309</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">000309</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000309</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Formant frequencies in Estonian folk singing.</title><author><name sortKey="Ross, J" sort="Ross, J" uniqKey="Ross J" first="J" last="Ross">J. Ross</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Perception Research (IPO), Eindhoven, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Perception Research (IPO), Eindhoven</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Eindhoven</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America</title><idno type="ISSN">0001-4966</idno><imprint><date when="1992" type="published">1992</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Estonia (MeSH)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Microcomputers (MeSH)</term><term>Music (MeSH)</term><term>Phonetics (MeSH)</term><term>Pitch Perception (MeSH)</term><term>Psychoacoustics (MeSH)</term><term>Sound Spectrography (instrumentation)</term><term>Speech Perception (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Estonie (MeSH)</term><term>Humains (MeSH)</term><term>Micro-ordinateurs (MeSH)</term><term>Musique (MeSH)</term><term>Perception de la hauteur tonale (MeSH)</term><term>Perception de la parole (MeSH)</term><term>Phonétique (MeSH)</term><term>Psychoacoustique (MeSH)</term><term>Spectrographie sonore (instrumentation)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>Estonia</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="instrumentation" xml:lang="en"><term>Sound Spectrography</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Humans</term><term>Microcomputers</term><term>Music</term><term>Phonetics</term><term>Pitch Perception</term><term>Psychoacoustics</term><term>Speech Perception</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Estonie</term><term>Humains</term><term>Micro-ordinateurs</term><term>Musique</term><term>Perception de la hauteur tonale</term><term>Perception de la parole</term><term>Phonétique</term><term>Psychoacoustique</term><term>Spectrographie sonore</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Estonie</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Formant frequencies in an old Estonian folk song performed by two female voices were estimated for two back vowels /a/ and /u/, and for two front vowels /e/ and /i/. Comparison of these estimates with formant frequencies in spoken Estonian vowels indicates a trend of the vowels to be clustered into two sets of front and back ones in the F1/F2 plane. Similar clustering has previously been shown to occur in opera and choir singing, especially with increasing fundamental frequency. The clustering in the present song, however, may also be due to a tendency for a mid vowel to be realized as a higher-beginning diphthong, which is characteristic of the North-Estonian coastal dialect area where the singers come from. No evidence of a "singer's formant" was found.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">1619129</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>1992</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>04</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2019</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>15</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">0001-4966</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print"><Volume>91</Volume><Issue>6</Issue><PubDate><Year>1992</Year><Month>Jun</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America</Title></Journal><ArticleTitle>Formant frequencies in Estonian folk singing.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>3532-9</MedlinePgn></Pagination><Abstract><AbstractText>Formant frequencies in an old Estonian folk song performed by two female voices were estimated for two back vowels /a/ and /u/, and for two front vowels /e/ and /i/. Comparison of these estimates with formant frequencies in spoken Estonian vowels indicates a trend of the vowels to be clustered into two sets of front and back ones in the F1/F2 plane. Similar clustering has previously been shown to occur in opera and choir singing, especially with increasing fundamental frequency. The clustering in the present song, however, may also be due to a tendency for a mid vowel to be realized as a higher-beginning diphthong, which is characteristic of the North-Estonian coastal dialect area where the singers come from. No evidence of a "singer's formant" was found.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ross</LastName><ForeName>J</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Perception Research (IPO), Eindhoven, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>J Acoust Soc Am</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>7503051</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0001-4966</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004957" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">Estonia</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008838" MajorTopicYN="Y">Microcomputers</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D009146" MajorTopicYN="Y">Music</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010700" MajorTopicYN="Y">Phonetics</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010898" MajorTopicYN="Y">Pitch Perception</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011571" MajorTopicYN="N">Psychoacoustics</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013018" MajorTopicYN="N">Sound Spectrography</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000295" MajorTopicYN="Y">instrumentation</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013067" MajorTopicYN="Y">Speech Perception</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>1992</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>1</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>1992</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>1</Day><Hour>0</Hour><Minute>1</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>1992</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>1</Day><Hour>0</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">1619129</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1121/1.402842</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Pays-Bas</li></country></list><tree><country name="Pays-Bas"><noRegion><name sortKey="Ross, J" sort="Ross, J" uniqKey="Ross J" first="J" last="Ross">J. 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